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Andronikos I Gidos or Andronicus I Gidus ((ギリシア語:Ανδρόνικος Α΄ Γίδος)), was an Emperor of Trebizond (1222–1235). He is the only ruler of Trebizond who was not a blood relative of the founder of that state, Alexios I Megas Komnenos. George Finlay suggests he may be the same Andronikos who was a general of Theodore I Laskaris.〔Finlay, ''The History of Greece and the Empire of Trebizond, (1204-1461)'' (Edinburgh: William Blackwood, 1851), p. 332 n. 1; repeated by William Miller, ''Trebizond: The last Greek Empire of the Byzantine Era: 1204-1461'', 1926 (Chicago: Argonaut, 1969), p. 19〕 During his reign, Trebizond successfully withstood a siege of the city by the Seljuk Turks, and later supported the Shah of Khwarizm in the latter's unsuccessful battle with the Seljuks. ==Origin and marriage== The Gidos family appears briefly in Byzantine history at the turn of the 12th/13th century. The etymology of the surname is uncertain, but one view considers it to be from the Greek word for "goat" ('Gida' γίδα f., γίδι), another speculative view suggests that the etymology of the surname may be of Latin origin, and is the hellenized form of the Italian name ''Guido''. This in turn led some scholars to theorize that there may be a connection with the Gidos family and Guy/Guido, a son of the Norman conqueror of southern Italy, Robert Guiscard, who defected to the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos (ruled 1081–1118) centuries earlier, entered his service and possibly married into the imperial family. Byzantine sources do not treat the family as having a foreign origin and it has not been possible to demonstrate any connection with the son of Robert Guiscard or a Latin origin. W. Hecht casts doubt on a Latin origin of the family.〔 Apart from the ''megas domestikos'' Alexios Gidos, who lived in the 12th century, the only other prominent individual bearing the surname ''Gidos'' is an Andronikos Gidos, a general of the Nicaean emperor Theodore I Laskaris, who defeated the Latin allies of David Komnenos (along with his brother Alexios the co-founder of the Empire of Trebizond) in 1206.〔 Finlay first suggested that the general should be identified with the later Trapezuntine emperor, a suggestion adopted by many Byzantine historians, in the words of Anthony Bryer, "for want of any other candidate". Bryer continues, "The name Gidos (Gidon) is sufficiently rare to make the proposal plausible, indeed one wonders whether it was on the way to becoming an epithet in itself," then provides a number of examples of "Gidos" being used in the Pontic region as a synonym for "guardian."〔Bryer, "David Komnenos and Saint Eleutherios", ''Archeion Pontou'', 42 (1988-1989), p. 186〕 On the death of the Emperor Alexios, control of the empire passed over Alexios' oldest son, John in favor of Andronikos. The steps that led to Andronikos' ascension have not been recorded. Finlay assumes that "the hereditary principle" of succession had not become common practice for the Empire of Trebizond at this point.〔''Empire of Trebizond'', p. 384〕 Although William Miller assumes that John was not old enough to assume the throne,〔''Trebizond'', pp. 20, 24〕 one primary source attests that more than one son was, indeed, old enough to do so: during the siege of Sinope, according to Ibn Bibi, when Kaykaus I threatened to kill Alexios, who was his prisoner, unless the city surrendered, the inhabitants replied that "he has grown sons in Trebizond who are capable of governing. We will elect one of them as our ruler and will not surrender the country to the Turks."〔Cited in A. A. Vasiliev, ("The Foundation of the Empire of Trebizond (1204-1222)" ), ''Speculum'', 11 (1936), p. 27〕 Andronikos married a daughter of Alexios I, whose first name is unknown. Miller describes Andronikos Gidos as "a shrewd man of great experience in warfare".〔Miller, ''Trebizond'', p. 20〕 His experience at war served the new-born polity well in facing a serious attack on the capital in 1224. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Andronikos I of Trebizond」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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